2013).īut gene flow involving domesticated species is not universally beneficial. m ays) landraces was the result of introgression from the wild Z. m. The evolution of highland maize ( Zea mays ssp. Even natural hybridization within species has had its benefits. Likewise, lager beer yeast is the result of spontaneous interspecific hybridization and of a similar age (Hebly et al. A few thousand years ago, spontaneous interspecific hybridization gave rise to first durum wheat and then bread wheat (Feldman et al. But long before humans intentionally bred plants, spontaneous gene flow played a role in plant improvement. Intentional anthropogenic gene flow has long been practiced by breeders to deliver desirable traits to domesticated species via wide crosses followed by repeated backcrossing (e.g. As noted above, breeders have long been acutely aware of gene flow. The recognition of gene flow's magnitude and variation has led to increased attention to gene flow in applied evolutionary biology. 2001 Richardson and Palmer 2007 Arnold 2015), the topic is so large, we deem it worthy of separate treatment. Likewise, while we acknowledge that non‐sexual gene flow (horizontal transfer) has considerable applied and evolutionary significance in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (e.g. The number of possible topics precludes an exhaustive treatment. This Special Issue presents some representative points in the galaxy of applied topics in which gene flow plays a key role. Gene flow is important in a remarkable variety of applied situations. When the senior author shared the idea of a Special Issue on Gene Flow in Applied Evolution with a colleague, she asked, “What else is there besides crop breeding?” Considerably more, as we shall soon see. Gene flow does not automatically come to mind in the context of evolutionary applications. It frequently occurs at rates sufficient to play an important evolutionary role for populations of both animals and plants (Ellstrand 2014 Yakimowski and Rieseberg 2014 Arnold 2015). Gene flow, the successful transfer of alleles from one population to another, is now known to vary considerably among species, populations, and individuals as well as over time. In the last half century, gene flow has moved from relative obscurity to a well‐recognized component of evolution.
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